New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test

What does bias in testing refer to?

1. Tests that measure only academic knowledge

2. Disadvantages faced by certain groups due to test design

3. Inconsistencies in scoring among different evaluators

4. All tests being standardized for every student

The correct answer is: Disadvantages faced by certain groups due to test design

Bias in testing refers to disadvantages faced by certain groups due to the design of the test itself. Specifically, it captures how some tests may inadvertently favor certain demographics or backgrounds, while placing others at a disadvantage. Such biases can arise from the language used in test questions, cultural references that may not be universally understood, or differing levels of access to preparation resources. When a test is biased, it does not accurately reflect the abilities or knowledge of all students, leading to unfair assessments and potential misrepresentation of their actual capabilities. This can have significant implications for educational opportunities, interventions, and support systems for those affected. In contrast, a test that solely measures academic knowledge, shows inconsistencies in scoring among evaluators, or is standardized for every student does not inherently reflect the concept of bias as it pertains to the fairness and equity of the assessment process. Understanding this aspect of bias is crucial in developing and choosing assessments that accurately and fairly measure student achievement across diverse populations.