New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test

What does connotative meaning refer to?

1. Secondary meanings and positive or negative associations

2. Literal meanings of words without emotional impact

3. Only the historical significance of a word

4. Formal definitions in a dictionary

The correct answer is: Secondary meanings and positive or negative associations

Connotative meaning refers to the secondary meanings and the emotional associations that a word carries beyond its literal definition. This includes the feelings, ideas, and attitudes that a word evokes in addition to its dictionary definition. For example, the word "home" may connotate warmth, safety, and comfort, while "house" refers strictly to the physical structure. Understanding connotative meanings is essential in reading comprehension and interpretation, as it helps in grasping the full context and emotional undertones of a text or conversation. In contrast, other options focus on aspects that do not capture the richness of connotative meaning. The literal meanings of words are essential for understanding language, but they lack the emotional or associative depth that is key to connotation. Historical significance might provide some context for a word but does not cover the personal or cultural associations that contribute to its connotative meaning. Lastly, formal definitions in a dictionary generally reflect denotative meanings, which again do not engage with the subjective and nuanced emotional landscape that connotations provide.