New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test

What does decoding specifically refer to in reading?

1. Translating print to speech

2. Recognizing types of texts

3. Understanding meanings of phrases

4. Memorizing spelling patterns

The correct answer is: Translating print to speech

Decoding specifically refers to the process of translating printed text into spoken language. This involves recognizing the relationship between letters and their corresponding sounds, allowing readers to "sound out" words when they encounter them for the first time. This skill is fundamental in reading development as it enables individuals to read words accurately and fluently. While recognizing types of texts, understanding meanings of phrases, and memorizing spelling patterns are all important aspects of reading and literacy, they do not capture the precise function of decoding. Decoding focuses on the phonetic aspects of reading and the translation of written symbols into auditory forms, laying the groundwork for further comprehension and fluency in reading.