New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test

What type of knowledge is referred to when discussing scientific experimentation?

1. Theoretical knowledge

2. Empirical knowledge

3. Procedural knowledge

4. Social knowledge

The correct answer is: Empirical knowledge

Empirical knowledge is the type of knowledge that arises from observation, experience, and experimentation. In the context of scientific experimentation, it refers to the information gathered through direct or indirect observation of phenomena and evidence collected through experimentation. This involves using systematic methods to test hypotheses and draw conclusions based on measurable outcomes, allowing for the validation or refutation of scientific theories. The focus on empirical knowledge distinguishes it from other types of knowledge; for instance, theoretical knowledge pertains to concepts and ideas that are formulated based on existing theories, but may not necessarily stem from direct experimentation. Procedural knowledge relates to the steps and methods needed to conduct experiments properly, which is crucial but does not encompass the findings themselves. Social knowledge involves understanding and insights gained from social interactions, which isn't directly related to the practice of scientific experimentation. Thus, empirical knowledge is essential in the scientific method as it relies on evidence collected through observation and experimentation to form conclusions.